Knowledge Library
Scientific Laws, Theories, Models, and Assumptions
Every claim on Evidence Pros depends on some combination of observations, measurements, laws, theories, models, equations, and assumptions. The categories are not interchangeable, and none of them counts as evidence on its own. Use this library to see what each category can and cannot establish — and to trace which assumptions any given argument inherits.
Assumption ledger
Every claim page inherits some of these assumptions. Click an assumption to see every law, theory, and claim that depends on it. If the assumption is contested or framework-dependent, everything below it inherits that uncertainty.
The globe model's geometric premise for horizon drop, great-circle distances, and geodesy.
The flat/enclosed model's geometric premise. Predicts zero Earth rotation rate.
Baseline optical assumption. Refraction adjusts for media of varying density.
Refraction coefficient k ≈ 0.13 assumes ISA-like conditions. Actual k varies significantly.
Both major models assume g ≈ 9.81 m/s² at sea level. They disagree on its origin.
Newton–Cavendish premise. Alternative explanations (density-only, aether pressure) reject this.
Horizon-drop and long-distance visibility depend sensitively on eye height.
Every quantitative measurement inherits its instrument's calibration provenance.
The Gleason azimuthal-equidistant projection and the WGS84 great-circle geometry produce different distances outside the north pole area.
Any invoked distance must trace to airport coordinates, published maps, or geodetic surveys.
Flight-time and eclipse-time comparisons require a common time reference.
Globe model uses parallax and radar-derived distances. Flat variants often propose much closer values without independent parallax measurements.
Satellite and spacecraft images are model-mediated products. This ledger treats them as evidence only when raw sensor data and processing chain are documented.
The physical claim implied by scripture depends entirely on the chosen interpretive framework. Framework is declared, never assumed.