Scientific Fundamentals

Directly testable, repeatable principles. Each fundamental records its exact definition, equation, units, operating conditions, held-constant variables, limits, repeatable procedure, instruments, expected observations and measurements, uncertainty, and a falsification condition. A scientific law describes an observed relationship under stated conditions — it does not automatically explain the underlying cause.

Canonical entries are staff-controlled and versioned. Anyone signed in may attach a demonstration to any fundamental — see each entry's page.